# Data Center Energy Optimization

Reveal tariff, Power Purchase Agreement (PPA), and carbon‑mix tradeoffs to minimize cost and emissions for AI workloads; plan procurement and demand‑response strategies.

## KPIs

### Blended Effective Rate
All-in blended electricity rate including energy, demand charges (amortized), riders, PPA settlements, DR credits and REC costs.

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**Unit**: USD/MWh  
**Confidence**: 50%  
**Higher is worse**

### Grid Carbon Intensity
Carbon intensity of grid electricity at the site’s location and hour.

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**Unit**: kgCO2e/MWh  
**Confidence**: 83%  
**Higher is worse**

### Compute Energy Cost per 1k Tokens
Energy cost attributable to 1k AI tokens (training or inference), based on blended rate and energy per token.

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**Unit**: USD/1k tokens  
**Confidence**: 76%  
**Higher is worse**

### Emissions per 1k Tokens
Operational emissions allocated to 1k tokens using hourly carbon intensity and energy per token.

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**Unit**: kgCO2e/1k tokens  
**Confidence**: 51%  
**Higher is worse**

### Renewable Coverage Share
Portion of site load matched by renewables via PPAs and REC retirements.

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**Unit**: percent  
**Confidence**: 54%  
**Higher is better**

### Procurement Cost Volatility Index
Normalized volatility of the blended effective rate over a trailing window.

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**Unit**: index (0–1)  
**Confidence**: 61%  
**Higher is worse**

### Demand Response Net Benefit
Net economics from DR participation after opportunity cost of curtailed compute.

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**Unit**: USD (millions)  
**Confidence**: 90%  
**Higher is better**

### Capacity Headroom Index
Normalized margin between site capacity limit and measured peak demand.

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**Unit**: index (0–1)  
**Confidence**: 64%  
**Higher is better**

## Internal Factors

### Storage State of Charge
Battery state of charge (energy content).

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**Unit**: MWh  
**Confidence**: 59%  
**Higher is better**

### Thermal Storage State of Charge
Thermal storage energy available for cooling shift.

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**Unit**: MWh  
**Confidence**: 89%

### PPA Energy Bank Balance
Banked PPA energy available to settle against load.

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**Unit**: MWh  
**Confidence**: 55%

### REC Inventory
Available Renewable Energy Certificates inventory (energy-matched).

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**Unit**: MWh  
**Confidence**: 65%

### Shiftable Workload Backlog
Deferred compute that can be scheduled into future low-cost/low-carbon hours (energy-equivalent).

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**Unit**: kWh  
**Confidence**: 90%

### Settlement Balance
Running balance of unsettled energy program cash flows (PPA collars, DR credits, riders).

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**Unit**: USD (millions)  
**Confidence**: 60%

## Levers

### Workload Shift Share
Share of flexible compute scheduled into preferred (low-cost/low-carbon) hours.

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**Unit**: 0–1 ratio  
**Confidence**: 88%

### Storage Dispatch Power Setpoint
Battery dispatch command (positive discharge, negative charge).

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**Unit**: kW  
**Confidence**: 78%

### Demand Limit Setpoint
Target maximum site demand for peak-shaving during tariff demand windows.

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**Unit**: kW  
**Confidence**: 89%

### PPA Contract Coverage Target Share
Target fraction of site load to be covered by PPAs over the planning horizon.

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**Unit**: 0–1 ratio  
**Confidence**: 52%

### REC Retirement Rate Policy
Policy for retiring RECs against load (fraction of available inventory to retire each period).

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**Unit**: 0–1 ratio  
**Confidence**: 60%

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